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Friday 5 April 2013

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Black Female Actress Biography

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Condoleezza Rice (pron.: /ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state, as well as the second African American (after Colin Powell), and the second woman (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a professor of political science at Stanford University where she served as Provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice also served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and Eastern Europe Affairs Advisor to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification.

Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy, with a focus on democracy in the Greater Middle East. Her emphasis on supporting democratically elected governments faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U.S. support. While Secretary of State, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.[1]

In March 2009, Rice returned to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.[2][3] In September 2010, Rice became a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a director of its Global Center for Business and the Economy.[4]

Contents [hide]

1 Early life

1.1 Early education

1.2 High school and university education

1.3 Early political views

2 Academic career

2.1 Provost promotion

2.2 Balancing school budget

2.3 Special interest issues

2.4 Return to Stanford

3 Music

4 Private sector

5 Early political career

6 National Security Advisor (2001–2005)

6.1 Terrorism

6.2 Subpoenas

6.3 Iraq

6.4 Weapons of mass destruction

6.5 Role in authorizing use of torture techniques

7 Secretary of State (2005–2009)

8 Post-Bush Administration

8.1 Speculation on 2008 presidential campaign, views on successor

9 Political positions

9.1 Terrorist activity

9.2 Abortion

10 Discrimination

11 Public perception and criticism

11.1 Time and Forbes magazines

11.2 Criticism from Senator Barbara Boxer

11.3 Conservative criticism

11.4 Views within the black community

12 Family and personal life

13 Notes

14 References

15 Bibliography

16 Further reading

16.1 Academic studies

16.2 Popular books and commentary

17 External links

Early life

Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only child of Angelena (née Ray) Rice, a high school science, music, and oratory teacher, and John Wesley Rice, Jr., a high school guidance counselor and Presbyterian minister.[5][6] Her name, Condoleezza, derives from the music-related term, con dolcezza, which in Italian means, "with sweetness". Rice has roots in the American South going back to the pre-Civil War era, and some of her ancestors worked as sharecroppers for a time after emancipation. Rice discovered on the PBS series Finding Your Roots[7] that she is of 51% African, 40% European and 9% Asian or Native American genetic descent, while her mtDNA is traced back to the Tikar people of Cameroon.[8] Rice grew up in the Titusville[citation needed] neighborhood at a time when the South was racially segregated.

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